Digital Resilience

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Rigorous studies and data that inform regional tech policies

Realising Scam Resilience in Southeast Asia-6

The report examines the state of scam resilience in Southeast Asia, focusing on six countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Surveying 6,000 respondents across these countries, the report outlines the severity and effects of scam risks on the region’s digital economy aspirations, anchoring on the user experience throughout the scam lifecycle. It presents an updated view of the potential policy priorities for realising scam resilience in Southeast Asia through a whole-of-society approach.

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Infographic: From Framework to implementation

Based on Tech for Good Institute’s The Evolution of Tech Governance in Southeast Asia-6 initiative, this infographic tracks selected policy and regulatory developments across the six economies.

Read the full report here: The Evolution of Tech Governance in Southeast Asia (Third Edition).

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Insights

Expert analysis on regional emerging trends

Thailand’s AI Policy: Keeping Pace with Adoption

As AI becomes increasingly integral across the region, this article examines Thailand’s multi-pronged strategy to keep pace with rapid workplace adoption by simultaneously advancing statutory legislation, national planning, practical governance support, and sovereign language models.

The Second-Mover Advantage: What the Philippines Can Learn from Vietnam’s AI Law

As the Philippines drafts its omnibus Artificial Intelligence Development and Regulation Act (AIDRA), it faces a fragmented, agency-by-agency regulatory landscape. This article examines Vietnam’s pioneering AI law and broader regional trends and proposes how Philippine policymakers can leverage a second-mover advantage to build a coherent and practical governance framework.

Governance Meets Reality: Singapore’s Evolving Tech Governance

In the last of our six-part country spotlight series under Tech Governance in Southeast Asia-6, Lim How Khang, Assistant Professor of Law and Computer Science (Practice); Director, BSc (Computing & Law) Programme, Singapore Management University, examines how Singapore’s tech governance landscape is evolving at mid-2026.

Across the region

Governance Meets Reality: Singapore’s Evolving Tech Governance

In the last of our six-part country spotlight series under Tech Governance in Southeast Asia-6, Lim How Khang, Assistant Professor of Law and Computer Science (Practice); Director, BSc (Computing & Law) Programme, Singapore Management University, examines how Singapore’s tech governance landscape is evolving at mid-2026.

Online Harms, Part II: Designing Redress That Works in Practice

The effectiveness of redress mechanisms, such as Singapore’s forthcoming Online Safety Commission, depends not only on procedural design but also on whether they provide credible, responsive pathways for those reporting harm. This article is part of a Reporting Online Harms series, which examines barriers to reporting and explores how policy responses can reduce – rather than compound – the challenges survivors face.

Online Harms, Part I: The Hidden Barriers to Reporting Online Abuse

Despite the serious impact of online harms, many survivors struggle to report them. This article is part of a Reporting Online Harms series, which adopts a behavioural insights lens to unpack the barriers to reporting and explores how policy responses can reduce–rather than compound–the challenges survivors face.

Governance Meets Reality: Malaysia’s Evolving Tech Governance

In the fifth of our six-part country spotlight series under Tech Governance in Southeast Asia-6, Farlina Said of the Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia, examines how Malaysia's tech governance landscape is evolving at mid-2026.

The Balancing Act: Harmonising AI Development and Governance in Southeast Asia

In this article, Malaysia’s national centre driving the adoption and governance of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, Malaysia Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (MYCentre4IR) provides a regional overview of AI governance and safety approaches, followed by a deep dive into Malaysia’s AI safety and governance efforts. This article is the first part of a two-part series examining ASEAN’s AI safety and governance landscape.

Malaysia’s Efforts Against Transnational Scams

While Malaysia has strengthened its defences against scams through the National Scam Response Centre (NSRC) and the Cybersecurity Act 2024, there are areas of improvement for enforcement to keep pace with rapid technological adaptation. In this article, Sheila Devi Michael, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Malaya, examines this shifting landscape and argues that protecting the region's digital economy requires a dual approach of stronger regulatory frameworks and sustained international cooperation.

Thailand’s AI Policy: Keeping Pace with Adoption

As AI becomes increasingly integral across the region, this article examines Thailand’s multi-pronged strategy to keep pace with rapid workplace adoption by simultaneously advancing statutory legislation, national planning, practical governance support, and sovereign language models.

Protecting Consumers in Thailand from Online Scams and Fraud

Online fraud has become a critical battleground in Thailand, with over one million reported cases causing substantial financial loss and eroding public trust. In this article, Nisara Kaewsuk, Sujitra Sompan, Chotiwit Kerdsanongpong, and Munin Saisangchan from the Thailand Consumers Council (TCC) examine these legislative developments and advocate for integrated prevention strategies to ensure digital safety and justice for consumers.

What Thailand’s Earthquake Reveals About Tech, Trust, and Readiness

The March 2025 earthquake shook Thailand's disaster systems into awareness. This article explores how digital innovation and citizen-led resilience can reshape the country's preparedness.

Consolidation Without Completion: Indonesia’s AI Developments in 2026

As Indonesia navigates delayed regulatory rollouts and massive infrastructure scaling, its pragmatic "middle path" offers a distinct blueprint for AI governance for the region.

From Decree to Delivery: Orchestrating a Safer Digital Architecture for Indonesia

Indonesia is positioning itself as Southeast Asia’s most assertive regulator of children’s digital lives, shifting from passive concern to active state intervention in child online protection. This article examines three pillars—independent oversight, privacy-preserving age verification, and centralised reporting—to turn its landmark regulation into a replicable regional model.

Strengthening Indonesia’s Regulatory and Coordination Framework to Address Online Frauds and Scams

Online fraud represents a critical socio-economic threat to Indonesia, inflicting substantial financial losses and eroding trust in the digital ecosystem. Indonesia's exposure is exacerbated by structural vulnerabilities and an institutional framework that has yet to fully adapt to modern digital threats. This article examines regulatory gaps in data governance and inter-agency coordination, offering four concrete priorities for policymakers to modernise consumer protection, centralise victim support, and deepen regional collaboration.

Awareness Vaccine for Vietnam’s “Perfect Storm” of Online Scams

Vietnam is facing a "perfect storm" of online scams, driven by rapid digital adoption, sophisticated AI-driven tactics, and deep psychological manipulation. This article explores this psychological war and shares strategic recommendations for building a "human firewall" through a national "awareness vaccine."

Prioritising Education and Awareness to Achieve Cyber Resilience: Insights from Vietnam

In this article, Vladimir Mariano, Lead Faculty for Technology and Innovation at YSEALI Academy at Fulbright University Vietnam highlights the importance of education in Vietnam's cyber resilience journey. This article builds on the Tech For Good Institute's latest research on Cyber Resilience.

Read the Vietnamese version of this article.

Vietnam’s much awaited Personal Data Protection Decree: Examining Benefits and Key Challenges

Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), Vietnam's Dr. Thao Nguyen Minh examines the current landscape of Vietnam's personal data protection and provides a closer look at the first ever enacted personal data protection degree (Vietnam: Decree No. 13/2023/ND-CP) and its key challenges.

Read the Vietnamese version of this article.

The Second-Mover Advantage: What the Philippines Can Learn from Vietnam’s AI Law

As the Philippines drafts its omnibus Artificial Intelligence Development and Regulation Act (AIDRA), it faces a fragmented, agency-by-agency regulatory landscape. This article examines Vietnam’s pioneering AI law and broader regional trends and proposes how Philippine policymakers can leverage a second-mover advantage to build a coherent and practical governance framework.

Governance Meets Reality: Philippines’ Evolving Tech Governance

In the fourth of our six-part country spotlight series under Tech Governance in Southeast Asia-6, Pierre Tito Galla, co-founder and co-convener, Democracy.Net.PH, examines how the Philippines' tech governance landscape is evolving at mid-2026.

A Grounded Approach to Scam Prevention in the Philippines

In this article, Jocel De Guzman, Co-Founder of Scam Watch Pilipinas, details how the Philippines can create a culturally-relevant and community-driven approach to build resilience against scams in the Philippines. In addition, a unified national anti-scam policy framework can help to scale this people-centred defence.

The Data Pillar Problem: Why ASEAN’s Compliance Frameworks Are Outpacing Enterprise Data Readiness

The data governance landscape across Southeast Asian (SEA) nations is advancing rapidly. However, a widening gap has opened between these accelerating regulatory frameworks and actual enterprise readiness.

The Balancing Act: Harmonising AI Development and Governance in Southeast Asia

In this article, Malaysia’s national centre driving the adoption and governance of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, Malaysia Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (MYCentre4IR) provides a regional overview of AI governance and safety approaches, followed by a deep dive into Malaysia’s AI safety and governance efforts. This article is the first part of a two-part series examining ASEAN’s AI safety and governance landscape.

The Sovereignty Trap: “Our Own AI” May Leave Southeast Asia Weaker

As Southeast Asia’s dependence on external AI systems grows, calls for “sovereign AI” are gaining traction. Yet without a clearer meaning of what sovereignty actually entails, the concept risks hardening into a narrow politics of possession—one that prioritises possession over control. This article examines how ambiguity in AI sovereignty can weaken cooperation and interoperability, and why coordinated resilience is critical for the region.

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Mouna Aouri

Programme Fellow

Mouna Aouri is an Institute Fellow at the Tech For Good Institute. As a social entrepreneur, impact investor, and engineer, her experience spans over two decades in the MENA region, South East Asia, and Japan. She is founder of Woomentum, a Singapore-based platform dedicated to supporting women entrepreneurs in APAC through skill development and access to growth capital through strategic collaborations with corporate entities, investors and government partners.

Dr Ming Tan

Senior Fellow & Founding Executive Director

Dr Ming Tan is Senior Fellow at the Tech for Good Institute; where she served as founding Executive Director of the non-profit focused on research and policy at the intersection of technology, society and the economy in Southeast Asia. She is concurrently a Senior Fellow at and the Centre for Governance and Sustainability at the National University of Singapore and Advisor to the Founder of the COMO Group, a Singaporean portfolio of lifestyle companies operating in 15 countries worldwide. Ming was previously Managing Director of IPOS International, part of the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore. Prior to joining the public sector, she was Head of Stewardship of the COMO Group.


Ming also serves on the boards of several private companies, Singapore’s National Volunteer and Philanthropy Centre, Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC), and on the Digital and Technology Advisory Panel for Esplanade–Theatres on the Bay, Singapore’s national performing arts centre. Her current portfolio spans philanthropy, social impact, sustainability and innovation.